Abstract

This work proposes a resource efficient robust control scheme for missile-target engagement scenarios subjected to external disturbances. The robustness is achieved by using an annular event-triggered artificial time-delayed control (ET-TDC) methodology with input saturation. The ET-TDC philosophy uses the TDC strategy through a dynamic predefined triggering mechanism which overcomes the requirement to update the control periodically for every sampling instant, unlike conventional TDC and other robust control schemes. Thus the proposed methodology can tackle uncertainties with minimal a-priori knowledge while significantly reducing the over-utilisation of system resources. In addition, the adopted event-triggered mechanism facilitates further conservation of energy which might be crucial for mid-to-long range engagement scenarios. The closed-loop stability is derived analytically and the simulation results illustrate the efficacy of the proposed guidance framework in comparison with other state-of-art robust control methodologies.

Abstract

Transportation of a suspended payload using quadrotor demands a controller to simultaneously track the desired path and stabilize the planar payload swing angles. Such a control objective is made challenging by the need to orchestrate the coupling between fully actuated dynamics (quadrotor attitude) and underactuated dynamics (quadrotor position and planar payload swings). State-of-the-art controllers cannot orchestrate such coupled dynamics in the presence of unmodeled and state-dependent terms, such as aerodynamic drags and rotor downwash. This article solves this control challenge by adaptively estimating the state-dependent uncertainty. Closed-loop stability for the coupled underactuated and fully actuated dynamics is established analytically. Extensive real-time experiments confirm significant improvements over the state-of-the-art under various scenarios, such as path tracking with suspended payload and anti-swing control against externally induced payload swings.

Abstract

Despite participants engaging in single modality stimuli, such as watching images or silent videos, recent work has demonstrated that multi-modal Transformer models can predict visual brain activity impressively well, even with incongruent modality representations. This raises the question of how accurately these multi-modal models can predict brain activity when participants are engaged in multi-modal stimuli. As these models grow increasingly popular, their use in studying neural activity provides insights into how our brains respond to such multi-modal naturalistic stimuli, i.e., where it separates and integrates information from different sensory modalities. We investigate this question by using multiple unimodal and two types of multi-modal models—cross-modal and jointly pretrained—to determine which type of models is more relevant to fMRI brain activity when participants were engaged in watching movies (videos with audio). We observe that both types of multi-modal models show improved alignment in several language and visual regions. This study also helps in identifying which brain regions process unimodal versus multi-modal information. We further investigate the impact of removal of unimodal features from multi-modal representations and find that there is additional information beyond the unimodal embeddings that is processed in the visual and language regions. Based on this investigation, we find that while for cross-modal models, their brain alignment is partially attributed to the video modality; for jointly pretrained models, it is partially attributed to both the video and audio modalities.

Abstract

LOCALITY and INTERFERENCE are two mechanisms which are attested to drive sentence comprehension. However, the relationship between them remains unclear—are they alternative explanations or do they operate independently? To answer this question, we test the hypothesis that in Hindi, interference effects (measured by semantic similarity and case markers) significantly predict locality effects (modelled using dependency length quantifying distance between syntactic heads and their dependents) within a sentence, while controlling for expectation-based measures and discourse givenness. Using data from the HindiUrdu Treebank corpus (HUTB), we validate the stated hypothesis. We demonstrate that sentences with longer dependency length consistently have semantically similar preverbal dependents, more case markers, greater syntactic surprisal, and violate intra-sentential givenness considerations. Overall, our findings point towards the conclusion that locality effects are reducible to broader memory interference effects rather than being distinct manifestations of locality in syntax. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings for the theories of interference in comprehension.

Abstract

Methods and systems for obtaining end-to-end classification model using mixture density network

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic, has been shown to have an impact on cognitive function, but the specific aspects of cognition that are affected remain unclear. In this Registered Report, we present a study aimed at further understanding the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on cognition, focusing especially on memory function, and to examine whether vaccination offers protection against long term cognitive symptoms of Covid-19. To this end, we will aim to replicate previous findings showing an effect of Covid-19 on memory, and will extend these findings by examining whether the effect varies as a function of memory type (item vs. associative) and stimulus type (verbal vs. pictorial). Moreover, we will compare cognitive functioning amongst vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals to explore the role of vaccination status in cognitive symptoms associated with Long Covid. Overall, the study will provide valuable insights into effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cognitive functions, and whether (and how) these are moderated by vaccination status. Comprehensive understanding of these aspects can inform and guideline public attitudes and policies related to Covid-19 and vaccination.

Abstract

Deep learning models are capable of complex auditory processing tasks such as keyword spotting, genre classification, and audio captioning, yet remain opaque. While several works have explored interpretability of neural networks for computer vision and natural language processing, the audio modality has been largely ignored. In this paper, we study the behavior of the audio CNN encoder used in the contrastively trained language-audio model, CLAP. In the domain of music and human speech sounds, we localize and identify the layers of the network that perform well on tasks of varying complexity, sometimes even outperforming the model's final outputs. Digging deeper, we also localize specific dataset classes to neuron clusters within a layer and analyze a cluster’s contribution to the model’s discriminability for that class. To perform these analyses, we propose an automated framework that can leverage a small dataset of a few thousand samples to evaluate and score neuron clusters for their role in classification. Our findings provide insights into the hierarchical nature of representations in audio CNNs, paving the way for improved interpretability of audio model.

Abstract

Air pollution, primarily driven by particulate matter (PM), significantly threatens public health. India, with three cities ranking among the world's top ten most polluted and with PM concentrations exceeding WHO guidelines by almost 11 times, urgent measures are needed to address this escalating crisis. AirIoT, a densely deployed IoT-based air quality monitoring network in Hyderabad, India, is an evidence-based approach to bringing awareness and increasing public participation by alleviating data scarcity.

Abstract

Emergency vehicles (EVs) perform a critical task of attending medical emergencies and delay in their operations can result in loss of lives to long term or permanent health implications. Therefore, it is very important to design strategies that can reduce the delay of EVs caused by slow moving traffic. Most of the existing work on this topic focuses on assignment and dispatch of EVs from different base stations to hospitals or finding the appropriate routes from dispatch location to hospital. However, these works ignore the effect of lane changes when EV is travelling on a stretch of a road. In this work, we focus on lane level dynamics for EV traversal and showcase that a pro-active picking of lanes can result in significant reductions in traversal time. In particular, we design a Reinforcement Learning (RL) model to compute the most optimal lane for an EV to travel at each timestep. We propose RLLS (Reinforcement Learning based Lane Search) algorithm for a general purposes EV trave

Abstract

In recent years, the rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has revolutionized the landscape of drug design, offering innovative solutions to potentially expedite the discovery of novel therapeutics. GenAI encompasses algorithms and models that autonomously create new data, including text, images, and molecules, often mirroring characteristics of existing datasets. This comprehensive review delves into the realm of GenAI for drug design, emphasizing recent advancements and methodologies that have propelled the field forward. Specifically, we focus on three prominent paradigms: transformers, diffusion models, and reinforcement learning algorithms, which have been exceptionally impactful in the last few years. By synthesizing insights from a myriad of studies and developments, we elucidate the potential of these approaches in accelerating the drug discovery process. Through a detailed analysis, we explore the current state and future directions of GenAI in the context of drug design, highlighting its transformative impact on pharmaceutical research and development.