Abstract

Finding the centrality measures of nodes in a graph is a problem of fundamental importance due to various applications from social networks, biological networks, and transportation networks. Given the large size of such graphs, it is natural to use parallelism as a recourse. There have been several studies that show how to compute the various centrality measures of nodes in a graph on parallel architectures, including multi-core systems and GPUs. However, as these graphs evolve and change, it is pertinent to study how to update the centrality measures on changes to the underlying graph. In this paper, we show novel parallel algorithms for updating the betweenness- and closeness-centrality values of nodes in a dynamic graph. Our algorithms process a batch of updates in parallel by extending the approach of handling a single update for etweennessand closeness-centrality by Jamour et al. [16] and Sarıyüce et al. [27], respectively. Besides, our algorithms incorporate mechanisms to exploit the structural properties of graphs for enhanced performance.

Abstract

Proteresis, a complementary effect to well-known hysteresis, is an interesting phenomenon to be explored. As we know, the hysteric device is a bistable switch whose states depend on the system's history whereas the proteretic device states' depend on the future. Though an all-optical implementation of the hysteric device has been demonstrated but its complementary behavior has yet to be contrived. Therefore, this work presents the design and development of an all-optical proteretic system using semiconductor ring lasers. The design was achieved by providing a constraint feedforward path to a hysteric feedback system. Additionally, the role of various parameters was studied in order to achieve proteresis. It is observed that the proteretic effect can be achieved only for specific conditions otherwise the system behaves as a traditional hysteric device. The experimental results match well with the theoretical Simulink results.

Abstract

Detecting presence of proteins in a given sample is an essential part of diagnostics. The use of the avidin–biotin interaction is becoming an increasingly common method for the detection of proteins. Among avidin group, Streptavidin forms strongest non-covalent biological interaction with biotin. Therefore, it is stable in wide range of temperatures and exhibits similar binding as antigen–antibody binding. The strong interaction has led to a large number of diagnostic applications using Streptavidin–Biotin technology. Permittivity of Biotin–Streptavidin combination shows a frequency dependency in several dispersion regions like regions. Traditional and standard biological testing use immunoassay technology (ELISA) method use chemicals, and molecules which modifies or destroy properties of sensing bio molecule are cumbersome (several reaction steps) and time consuming. We present design and development …

Abstract

Pre-detection of hypertension mostly considers the measurement of Brachial Artery Blood Pressure (BABP). Although being a standard vital, it is still considered a poor alternative for Central Blood Pressure (CBP). However, CBP is measured invasively during the process of cardiac catheterization (Cath). Though cuff-less techniques to estimate BABP are widely employed, CBP estimation has not been explored yet. Moreover, to best of our knowledge intermittent CBP estimation has not been proposed earlier. Therefore, we present a cuff-less and beat-by-beat CBP estimation technique using linear regression analysis on features extracted from continuous Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Photoplethysmograph (PPG) signals. Unlike for BABP estimation, 30 supplementary features to conventional pulse transit time such as ST-interval, P-systolic peak interval, etc., were extracted to enhance CBP accuracy. This extraction was done using Haar wavelet along with modulus maxima. Feature selection has been done using the wrapper technique and reduced using principal component analysis. Segregation of each beat was achieved with the help of constraints developed based on iteration and backtracing. This model estimates Systolic CBP with a validation error of 0.109±2.37 mmHg and Diastolic CBP with an error of 0.031±2.102 mmHg for 33 Cath lab patients.

Abstract

Since the eminent work of J. S. Bell, spatial correlations in quantum mechanics have gained much progress. Nevertheless, up to now, there is no agreement on the nature of temporal correlations. In this paper, based on the entangled-history theory, we prove that temporal correlations are just quantum channels. Moreover, by using the state tomography technology, the quantum channel can be uniquely determined. What is more, through the entanglement of formation, temporal correlations can be quantified. Cases when the temporal correlation is strongest and weakest are investigated, too.

Abstract

In this work, we extensively study the problem of broadcasting of entanglement as state dependent versus state independent cloners. We start by re-conceptualizing the idea of state dependent quantum cloning machine (SD-QCM), and in that process, we introduce different types of SD-QCMs, namely, orthogonal and non-orthogonal cloners. We derive the conditions for which the fidelity of these cloners will become independent of the input state. We note that such a construction allows us to maximize the cloning fidelity at the cost of having partial information of the input state. In the discussion on broadcasting of entanglement, we start with a general two qubit state as our resource and later we consider a specific example of Bell diagonal state. We apply both state dependent and state independent cloners (orthogonal and non-orthogonal), locally and non locally, on input resource state and obtain a range for broadcasting of entanglement in terms of the input state parameters. Our results highlight several instances where the state dependent cloners outperform their state independent counterparts in broadcasting entanglement. Our study provides a comparative perspective on the broadcasting of entanglement via cloning in two qubit scenario, when we have some knowledge of the resource ensemble versus a situation when we have no such information.

Abstract

Quantum states that possess negative conditional von Neumann entropy provide quantum advantage in several protocols including superdense coding, state merging, distributed private randomness distillation and one-way entanglement distillation. While entanglement is an important resource, only a subset of entangled states have negative conditional von Neumann entropy. Despite this utility, a proper resource theory for conditional von Neumann entropy has not been developed, unlike that of entanglement. We pave the way for such a resource theory by characterizing the class of density matrices having non-negative conditional von Neumann entropy as convex and compact. This allows us to prove the existence of a Hermitian operator (a witness) for the detection of states having negative conditional entropy for bipartite systems in arbitrary dimensions. We show constructions of this witness and explicate its utility in the detection of useful states in the above-mentioned protocols. We provide a local decomposition of the witness and probe its implications in the context of the uncertainty principle.

Abstract

Windows whose transmittance can be modified by an applied voltage have previously been fabricated from soft, transparent elastomers sandwiched between ITO coated glass and a compliant, silver nanowire top electrode.1 In this contribution we extend the capabilities of the tunable window so that the optical transmittance can be varied spatially over the window according to voltage signals applied to different segments of the back electrode of the window, defined by patterning of individually addressable electrodes. The actuation signals are controlled using TTL-level input signals applied to high voltage switches. We also show that the spatially tunable window can be fabricated on a flexible substrate, such as PET, and the optical transmittance is not affected by bending of the substrate. The use of a polymer substrate not only increases possible applications of this class of voltage controlled light modulation device but also has the potential of reducing cost at an industrial scale by replacing more costly ITO coated glass substrate.

Abstract

We present detailed shape-based analyses to compare the performance of metal foil-based capacitive pressure sensors based on the shape of the diaphragm (top electrode). We perform a detailed analysis on the use of new material and deflection in various shaped diaphragms to act as a performance indicator for pressure-based capacitive sensors. A low-cost, recyclable, and readily available material is used to present an alternative to the expensive materials used in conventional pressure sensors. Diaphragms of five different shapes (circle, ellipse, pentagon, square, and rectangle) are fabricated and analyzed. Mathematical, FEM, and experimental tests are performed for capacitive sensors fabricated in five different shapes. The mathematically calculated deflection for each shaped diaphragm is compared with the results of the corresponding FEM simulations. Two different experiments are performed to verify …

Abstract

Various examples are provided for stretchable antennas that can be used for applications such as wearable electronics. In one example, a stretchable antenna includes a flexible support structure including a lateral spring section having a proximal end and at a distal end; a metallic antenna disposed on at least a portion of the lateral spring section, the metallic antenna extending along the lateral spring section from the proximal end; and a metallic feed coupled to the metallic antenna at the proximal end of the lateral spring section. In another example, a method includes patterning a polymer layer disposed on a substrate to define a lateral spring section; disposing a metal layer on at least a portion of the lateral spring section, the metal layer forming an antenna extending along the portion of the lateral spring section; and releasing the polymer layer and the metal layer from the substrate.