Abstract

Digital multimedia tools are becoming increasingly important as the world slowly shifts to an online mode. In this work, we present a low-cost, flexible writing pad that uses a 16×16 pressure sensing matrix based on the piezoresistive thin film of velostat. The writing area is 5 cm×5 cm with an effective pixel area of 0.06 mm2. A read out circuit is designed to detect the change in resistance of the velostat pixel using a voltage divider. A microprocessor raster scans through the sensor pixel matrix to obtain a data frame of 256 integers. This data is processed using techniques like squaring and normalising (S&N), Gaussian blurring, and adaptive thresholding to generate a more readable output. The writing pad is able to resolve characters larger than 2 cm in length. The flexible writing pad produces legible output while flexed at bending radius of upto 4 cm. Such flexibility promises to enhance the usability and portability of the writing pad significantly.

Abstract

The used sodium from experimental studies is un-economical to purify or reuse from fast breeder reactors and is to be discarded safely. This disposal is done by converting the sodium into sodium hydroxide(NaOH) and hydrogen gas as a by product. The molarity of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution thus obtained ranges from 12M to 16M, which needs real-time monitoring. This paper describes the feasibility study to develop a simple, innovative sensor to measure such high concentrations of NaOH surrounded by hydrogen gas in the light of no COTS sensor available in the market to meet the requirements

Abstract

Recent developments in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have raised the demands of mmWave radars in 24 GHz and 77 GHz band. For higher accuracy and precision, frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) technique has become very popular for mmWave radars, which requires low phase noise and high bandwidth chirp frequency synthesizers. In this work, we present analysis and design of a low phase noise, transformer tank based mmWave voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) near 20 GHz for multiplier based 77 GHz FMCW chirp synthesizer. The proposed VCO design is implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology. Post layout simulations show that the proposed VCO exhibits a figure-of-merit is 192 dBc/Hz and phase noise of -117.98 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset while operating at 18.94 GHz and achieves a tuning range of 1.42 GHz (18.94-20.36 GHz), while consuming a power of 13.78 mW from 1.1 V supply.

Abstract

Recently, there has been a major shift in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) from the camera and LiDAR-oriented systems to mmWave radar-based systems. Such high-frequency band radars currently using frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) technique require programmable dividers with large divide ratios and fine frequency resolution to obtain high-frequency chirps with sufficiently large bandwidth. This paper presents a low-power multi-modulus programmable frequency divider for a frequency synthesizer operating in the 19.25-20.25 GHz frequency band from a reference frequency of 40 MHz. The divider consumes 14 mW of power and is capable of producing divide ratios in the range of 481.25-506.25 with a fine resolution of 1 MHz. The divider has a phase noise of −146 dBc/Hz at an offset of 2 kHz.

Abstract

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Abstract

Reconfigurable robots provide an attractive option for cleaning tasks, thanks to their better area coverage and adaptability to changing environment. However, the ability to change morphology creates drastic changes in the reconfigurable robot dynamics, and existing control design techniques do not take this into account. Neglecting configuration changes can lead to performance degradation and, in the worst scenarios, instability. This paper proposes to embed the changes arising from reconfiguration in the control design, via a switched uncertain Euler-Lagrangian model. Accordingly, a novel switched adaptive design is proposed for trajectory tracking. Closed-loop stability is assured using the multiple Lyapunov function framework, and the design is implemented and validated on a self-reconfigurable pavement cleaning mobile robot (PANTHERA). Note to Practitioners —Self-reconfigurable mobile cleaning robots, which can change their configurations as per the application requirements, are now predominantly used for cleaning and maintenance operations because of their better area coverage, less manpower requirement and consistent performance. However, the state-of-the-art control strategies for conventional robots cannot always ensure stability and performance under the simultaneous effects of configuration changes and uncertainties. The switched Euler-Lagrange model formulated in this work can capture the configuration changes of the robot and the proposed switched adaptive controller can tackle uncertainties of each configurations of the robot. The simulation and experimental results clearly show the potential issues of the state-of-the-art methods and the remarkable benefits of the proposed approach.

Abstract

One of the primary challenges in Semi-supervised Domain Adaptation (SSDA) is the skewed ratio between the number of labeled source and target samples, causing the model to be biased towards the source domain. Recent works in SSDA show that aligning only the labeled target samples with the source samples potentially leads to incomplete domain alignment of the target domain to the source domain. In our approach, to align the two domains, we leverage contrastive losses to learn a semantically meaningful and a domain agnostic feature space using the supervised samples from both domains. To mitigate challenges caused by the skewed label ratio, we pseudo-label the unlabeled target samples by comparing their feature representation to those of the labeled samples from both the source and target domains

Abstract

Information Disguise (ID), a part of computational ethics in Natural Language Processing (NLP), is concerned with best practices of textual paraphrasing to prevent the non-consensual use of authors’ posts on the Internet. Research on ID becomes important when authors’ written online communication pertains to sensitive domains, e.g., mental health. Over time, researchers have utilized AI-based automated word spinners (e.g., SpinRewriter, WordAI) for paraphrasing content. However, these tools fail to satisfy the purpose of ID as their paraphrased content still leads to the source when queried on search engines. There is limited prior work on judging the effectiveness of paraphrasing methods for ID on search engines or

Abstract

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) based remote sensing system incorporated with computer vision has demonstrated potential for assisting building construction and in disaster management like damage assessment during earthquakes. The vulnerability of a building to earthquake can be assessed through inspection that takes into account the expected damage progression of the associated component and the component’s contribution to structural system performance. Most of these inspections are done manually, leading to high utilization of manpower, time, and cost. This paper proposes a methodology to automate these inspections through UAV-based image data collection and a software library for post-processing that helps in estimating the seismic structural parameters. The key parameters considered here are the distances between adjacent buildings, building plan-shape, building

Abstract

In developing economies, residential energy consumption patterns have rapidly transformed with better energy access and service quality. Unlike other building types, residential buildings are more complex due to wide variations in their consumption patterns influenced by various factors. Researchers have characterised residential building stock based on distinct building archetypes. This paper presents a comprehensive review of relevant published research focusing on the classification of residential buildings based on their energy consumption. This review also focuses on residential archetype studies in the context of building science. The methodologies adopted by different researchers to characterise the energy use of residential building stock using an archetypal approach at different spatial scales (building to city scale and local to national scale) have been critically reviewed in this study. The paper will provide the researchers with a holistic understanding of the current directions and magnitude of ongoing research in this domain. KEYWORDS: Housing stockbuilding archetypesclassification methodologybuilding energy consumptionenergy modellingbottom-up studies Previous article View issue table of contents Next article Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). Additional information Funding This work is supported by a Joint Indo-UK research project called ‘Residential building energy demand reduction in India (RESIDE),’ funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DST/TMD/UK-BEE/2017/07), Government of India, and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/R008434/1), United Kingdom. Related research People also read Recommended articles Cited by Identifying building archetypes based on energy performance as the major criteria: a case of Jaipur, India Bibhu Kalyan Nayak et al. Advances in Building Energy Research Published online: 27 May 2023 Data-driven approach to prioritize residential buildings’ retrofits in cold climates using smart thermostat data Aya Doma et al. Architectural Science Review Published online: 31 Mar 2023 Review of studies on thermal comfort in Indian residential buildings Sunil Kumar Sansaniwal et al. Science and Technology for the Built Environment Published online: 27 Feb 2020 View more