Abstract

User authentication is a promising security solution in which an external user hav- ing his/her mobile device can securely access the real-time information directly from the deployed smart devices in an Internet of Things-enabled intelligent precision agri- cultural environment. To achieve this goal, we present a new signature-based three factor user authentication scheme. The established session key between a user and the accessed smart device is then used to make secure communication among them to fetch the real-time data of the device. A detailed security analysis including the random-oracle based formal security, formal security verification using the broadly recognized automated validation of internet security protocols and applications tool and nonmathematical informal security analysis show the robustness of the proposed scheme against a number of potential attacks. In addition, testbed experiments are performed for measuring computational time of various cryptographic primitives that are used for comparative study among the proposed scheme and other related exist- ing competing schemes. The detailed comparative analysis shows that the proposed scheme has a better trade-off among its offered security and functionality features, and communication and computational overheads as compared with those for other competing schemes.

Abstract

This work introduces an ultra low power gm-boosted Colpitts voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with a transformer based tank operating near 20 GHz. The proposed VCO is implemented in TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology. Through postlayout simulations, it is demonstrated that the proposed VCO exhibits a remarkable figure-of-merit of 196.26 dBc/Hz and achieves a phase noise of -111.21 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset while operating at 19.6 GHz. Additionally, the VCO provides a tuning range of 1.7 GHz (18 - 19.7 GHz) and consumes only 1.2 mW of power from a 1 V supply.

Abstract

Due to the lack of a large annotated speech corpus, many low-resource Indian languages struggle to utilize recent advancements in deep neural network architectures for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) tasks. Collecting large-scale databases is an expensive and time-consuming task. Current approaches lack extensive traditional expert-based data acquisition guidelines, as they are tedious and complex. In this work, we present the International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad-Crowd Sourced Telugu Database (IIITH-CSTD), a Telugu corpus collected through crowdsourcing

Abstract

Post-transcriptionally modified bases play vital roles in many biochemical processes involving RNA. Analysis of the non-covalent interactions associated with these bases in RNA is crucial for providing a more complete understanding of the RNA structure and function; however, the characterization of these interactions remains understudied. To address this limitation, we present a comprehensive analysis of base stacks involving all crystallographic occurrences of the most biologically relevant modified bases in a large dataset of high-resolution RNA crystal structures. This is accompanied by a geometrical classification of the stacking contacts using our established tools. Coupled with quantum chemical calculations and an analysis of the specific structural context of these stacks, this provides a map of the stacking conformations available to modified bases in RNA. Overall, our analysis is expected to facilitate structural research on altered RNA bases.

Abstract

Quantum thermodynamics can be naturally phrased as a theory of quantum state transformation and energy exchange for small-scale quantum systems undergoing thermodynamical processes, thereby making the resource theoretical approach very well suited. A key resource in thermodynamics is the extractable work, forming the backbone of thermal engines. Therefore it is of interest to characterize quantum states based on their ability to serve as a source of work. From a near-term perspective, quantum optical setups turn out to be ideal test beds for quantum thermodynamics; so it is important to assess work extraction from quantum optical states. Here, we show that Gaussian states are typically useless for Gaussian work extraction. More specifically, by exploiting the “concentration of measure” phenomenon, we prove that the probability that the Gaussian extractable work from a zero-mean energy-bounded multimode random Gaussian state is nonzero is exponentially small. This result can be thought of as an -no-go theorem for work extraction from Gaussian states under Gaussian unitaries, thereby revealing a fundamental limitation on the quantum thermodynamical usefulness of Gaussian compo

Abstract

A random access code (RAC) is an important communication protocol to obtain information about a randomly specified substring of an n-bit string, while only having limited information about the n-bit string. Quantum RACs usually utilize either communication of quantum bits or a shared-in-advance quantum state used in conjunction with classical communication. Here we consider the latter version of the quantum protocols under the constraint of single-bit communication and with a shared arbitrary state of two qubits. Taking the worst-case success probability as the figure of merit, we demonstrate that any state with an invertible correlation matrix can be used to outperform the best classical RAC for n=3. We derive an additional condition sufficient to beat the best classical performance in the case of n=2. In particular, separable states turn out to be a useful resource behind the quantum advantage for n=2,3. For n≥4, RACs assisted with a single copy of a quantum state do not outperform the classical RACs.

Abstract

The stable functionality of networked systems is a hallmark of their natural ability to coordinate between their multiple interacting components. Yet, real-world networks often appear random and highly irregular, raising the question of what are the naturally emerging organizing principles of complex system stability. The answer is encoded within the system’s stability matrix—the Jacobian—but is hard to retrieve, due to the scale and diversity of the relevant systems, their broad parameter space and their nonlinear interaction dynamics. Here we introduce the dynamic Jacobian ensemble, which allows us to systematically investigate the fixed-point dynamics of a range of relevant network-based models. Within this ensemble, we find that complex systems exhibit discrete stability classes

Abstract

Speech is produced by exciting time-varying vocal tract with time-varying impulse-like excitations called epochs. In the literature, epoch extraction methods performed well on clean speech, but, detecting epoch locations from the band-limited signal like telephonic speech is difficult due to loss of information at low frequencies. This paper proposes a Stockwell transform (S-Transform)-based method that can find epochs accurately from the telephonic speech. The frequency-dependent Gaussian window and localization capabilities of S-Transform will reduce the effect of the bandpass nature of the telephonic channel. The telephonic channel is simulated using a 300–3400 Hz bandpass filter

Abstract

We give a comprehensive characterisation of the computational power of shallow quantum circuits combined with classical computation. Specifically, for classes of search problems, we show that the following statements hold, relative to a random oracle: (a) BPPQNCBPP ≠ BQP. This refutes Jozsa’s conjecture in the random oracle model. As a result, this gives the first instantiatable separation between the classes by replacing the oracle with a cryptographic hash function, yielding a resolution to one of Aaronson’s ten semi-grand challenges in quantum computing. (b) BPPQNC ⊈ QNCBPP and QNCBPP ⊈ BPPQNC. This shows that there is a subtle interplay between classical computation and shallow quantum computation. In fact, for the second separation, we establish that, for some problems, the ability to perform adaptive measurements in a single shallow quantum circuit, is more useful than the ability to perform polynomially many shallow quantum circuits

Abstract

We present qLEET, an open-source Python package for studying parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs), which are widely used in various variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) and quantum machine learning (QML) algorithms. qLEET enables computation of properties such as expressibility and entangling power of a PQC by studying its entanglement spectrum and the distribution of parameterized states produced by it. Furthermore, it allows users to visualize the training trajectories of PQCs along with high-dimensional loss landscapes generated by them for different objective functions. It supports quantum circuits and noise models built using popular quantum computing libraries such as Qiskit, Cirq, and PyQuil. In our work, we demonstrate how qLEET provides opportunities to design and improve hybrid quantum-classical algorithms by utilizing intuitive insights from the ansatz capability