Abstract

In this paper, we present an audio-visual model to perform speech super-resolution at large scale-factors (8× and 16×). Previous works attempted to solve this problem using only the audio modality as input and thus were limited to low scale-factors of 2× and 4×. In contrast, we propose to incorporate both visual and auditory signals to superresolve speech of sampling rates as low as 1kHz. In such challenging situations, the visual features assist in learning the content and improves the quality of the generated speech. Further, we demonstrate the applicability of our approach to arbitrary speech signals where the visual stream is not accessible. Our “pseudo-visual network” precisely synthesizes the visual stream solely from the low-resolution speech input. Extensive experiments and the demo video illustrate our method’s remarkable results and benefits over state-of-the-art audio-only speech super-resolution approaches.

Abstract

Communication with the deaf community relies profoundly on the interpretation of sign languages performed by the signers. In light of the recent breakthroughs in sign language translations, we propose a pipeline that we term "Translating Sign Language Videos to Talking Faces". In this context, we improve the existing sign language translation systems by using POS tags to improve language modeling. We further extend the challenge to develop a system that can interpret a video from a signer to an avatar speaking in spoken languages. We focus on the translation systems that attempt to translate sign languages to text without glosses,

Abstract

The recent anomalies in b → slþl− transitions could originate from some new physics beyond the Standard Model. Either to confirm or to rule out this assumption, more tests of b → slþl− transition are needed. Polarized Λb decay to a Λ and a dilepton pair offers a plethora of observables that are suitable to discriminate new physics from the Standard Model. In this paper, we present a full angular analysis of a polarized Λb decay to a Λð→ pπÞlþl− final state. The study is performed in a set of the operator where the Standard Model operator basis is supplemented with its chirality flipped counterparts, and new scalar and pseudoscalar operators. The full angular distribution is calculated by retaining the mass of the final state leptons. At the low hadronic recoil, we use the heavy quark effective theory framework to relate the hadronic form factors which lead to simplified expression of the angular observables where short- and longdistance physics factorize. Using the factorized expressions of the observables, we construct a number of test of short- and long-distance physics including null tests of the Standard Model and its chirality flipped counterparts that can be carried out using experimental data.

Abstract

We explore the possibility of CP violation in baryonic Λb → ðΛþ c ; pþÞπþμ−μ− decays which are mediated by two Majorana sterile neutrinos and are jΔLj ¼ 2 lepton-number-violating processes. Appreciable CP asymmetry can be obtained if there are two on-shell Majorana neutrinos that are quasidegenerate in mass with the mass difference of the order of average decay widths. We find that, given the present constraints on the heavy to light mixing element jVμNj, the Λb → pþπþμ−μ− and Λb → Λþ c πþμ−μ− decay rates are suppressed but could be within the experimental reach at the LHC. If searches of the modes are performed, then experimental limits on the rates can be translated to constraints on the Majorana neutrino mass mN and heavy to light mixing element squared jVμNj 2. We show that the constraints on the ðmN; jVμNj 2Þ parameter space coming from the jΔLj ¼ 2 baryonic decays are complementary to the bounds coming from other processes.

Abstract

Entanglement is a fascinating feature, typical and ubiquitous to the science of quantum information and computation. Over the last few decades, we have seen entanglement, or more precisely bipartite entanglement, playing an unparalleled role in various quantum information-theoretic tasks [1–3]. Multipartite entanglement comes with an even richer structure and a whole new set of features providing information processing advantages in quantum communication, simulation, or metrology. It is therefore essential to construct methods to identify genuinely multipartite entangled states [4–6]. However, detecting entanglement of an arbitrary quantum state is a problem of significant complexity [7, 8]. Thus, witnessing entanglement by using versatile experimentally feasible tools [9–18] is a challenging task. In the case of multipartite entanglement, the challenge enhances significantly and demands greater interest from the scientific community. In this paper, we propose a protocol to detect multipartite entanglement by utilizing the well-known phenomenon of non-Markovianity in open quantum systems [19, 20] and the theory of positive maps. The positive maps that are not completely positive can detect bipartite entanglement quite effectively, Partial Transposition [21] being a well-known example. Unfortunately, this technique cannot be directly extended to the case of multipartite entanglement, where diverse separability structures complicate the detection problem. Although semi-definite programming can be used to construct witnesses to certify genuine multipartite entangle

Abstract

In the left-right symmetric models, a heavy charged gauge boson can decay to a lepton and a right-handed neutrino (RHN). If the neutrino masses are generated through the standard type-I seesaw mechanism, the Yukawa couplings controlling two-body decays of the RHN become very small. As a result, the RHN decays to another lepton and a pair of jets via an off-shell . This is the basis of the Keung-Senjanovi'{c} (KS) process, which was originally proposed as a probe of lepton number violation at the LHC. However, if a different mechanism like the inverse seesaw generates the neutrino masses, a TeV-scale RHN can have large Yukawa couplings and hence, dominantly decay to a lepton and a boson, leading to a kinematically different process from the KS one. We investigate the prospect of this unexplored process as a probe of the inverse seesaw mechanism in the left-right symmetric models at the HL-LHC. Our signal arises from the Drell-Yan production of a and leads to two high- same-flavour-opposite-sign leptons and a boosted -like fatjet in the final state. We find that a sequential with mass up to ~TeV along with a TeV-scale RHN can be discovered at the HL-LHC.

Abstract

The advent of digital pathology presents opportunities for computer vision for fast, accurate, and objective solutions for histopathological images and aid in knowledge discovery. This work uses deep learning to predict genomic biomarkers - TP53 mutation, PIK3CA mutation, ER status, PR status, HER2 status, and intrinsic subtypes, from breast cancer histopathology images. Furthermore, we attempt to understand the underlying morphology as to how these genomic biomarkers manifest in images. Since gene sequencing is expensive, not always available, or even feasible, predicting these biomarkers from images would help in diagnosis, prognosis, and effective treatment planning. We outperform the existing works with a minimum improvement of 0.02 and a maximum of 0.13 AUROC scores across all tasks. We also gain insights that can serve as hypotheses for further experimentations, including the presence of lymphocytes and karyorrhexis. Moreover, our fully automated workflow can be extended to other tasks across other cancer subtypes.

Abstract

Abstract Recent interest in repeat proteins has arisen due to stable structural folds, high evolutionary conservation and repertoire of functions provided by these proteins. However, repeat proteins are poorly characterized because of high sequence variation between repeating units and structure-based identification and classification of repeats is desirable. Using a robust network-based pipeline, manual curation and Kajava's structure-based classification schema, we have developed a database of tandem structural repeats, Database of Structural Repeats in Proteins (DbStRiPs). A unique feature of this database is that available knowledge on sequence repeat families is incorporated by mapping Pfam classification scheme onto structural classification. Integration of sequence and structure-based classifications help in identifying different functional groups within the same structural subclass, leading to refinement in the annotation of repeat proteins. Analysis of complete Protein Data Bank revealed 16,472 repeat annotations in 15,141 protein chains, one previously uncharacterized novel protein repeat family (PRF), named left-handed beta helix, and 33 protein repeat clusters (PRCs). Based on their unique structural motif,
79% of these repeat proteins are classified in one of the 14 PRFs or 33 PRCs, and the remaining are grouped as unclassified repeat proteins. Each repeat protein is provided with a detailed annotation in DbStRiPs that includes start and end boundaries of repeating units, copy number, secondary and tertiary structure view, repeat class/subclass, disease association, MSA of repeating units and cross-references to various protein pattern databases, human protein atlas and interaction resources. DbStRiPs provides easy search and download options to high-quality annotations of structural repeat proteins (URL: http://bioinf.iiit.ac.in/dbstrips/). KEYWORDS protein repeat database, proteins repeats, structural repeat proteins, tandem repeat

Abstract

The quest for stabilizing planar forms of tetracoordinate carbon started five decades ago and intends to achieve interconversion between [R]- and [S]-stereoisomers without breaking covalent bonds. Several strategies are successful in making the planar tetracoordinate form a minimum on its potential energy surface. However, the first examples of systems where stereomutation is possible were reported only recently. In this study, the possibility of neutral and dications of simple hydrocarbons (cyclopentane, cyclopentene, spiropentane, and spiropentadiene) and their counterparts with the central carbon atom replaced by elements from groups 13, 14, and 15 are explored using ab initio MP2 calculations. The energy difference between the tetrahedral and planar forms decreases from row II to row III or IV substituents. Additionally, aromaticity involving the delocalization of the lone pair on the central atom appears to help in further stabilizing the planar form compared to the tetrahedral form, especially for the row II substituents. We identified 11 systems where the tetrahedral state is a minimum on the potential energy surface, and the planar form is a transition state corresponding to stereomutation. Interestingly, the planar structures of three systems were found to be minimum, and the corresponding tetrahedral states were transition states. The energy profiles corresponding to such transitions involving both planar and tetrahedral states without the breaking of covalent bonds were examined. The systems showcased in this study and research in this direction are expected to realize molecules that experimentally exhibit stereomutation.

Abstract

The step-by-step workflow adopted for the analysis of water molecules in the binding sites of small molecules of our interest bound to protein crystal structures. (Note: We examined the local water network around O and S atoms of carbonyl (>C=O) and thiocarbonyl (>C=S) in small molecule ligands that are non-covalently bound to protein crystal structures (≤2.5Å) deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). To minimize the influence of heterogeneous chemical micro-environment on the hydration profile of O and S atoms, we chose to confine our analyses to ligands that possess both carbonyl and thiocarbonyl moieties (in thioamides, thioureas, thiocarbamates, and dithiocarbamates). A subset of protein-ligand pairs where the ligand has at least one water molecule in its First Solvation Shell (FSS is defined as a sphere containing any point that lies within 4.5 Å of a ligand atom) was selected for further analysis.