Abstract

Unsupervised Representation Learning on graphs is gaining traction due to the increasing abundance of unlabelled network data and the compactness, richness, and usefulness of the representations generated. In this context, the need to consider fairness and bias constraints while generating the representations has been well-motivated and studied to some extent in prior works. One major limitation of most of the prior works in this setting is that they do not aim to address the bias generated due to connectivity patterns in the graphs, such as varied node centrality, which leads to a disproportionate performance across nodes. In our work, we aim to address this issue of mitigating bias due to inherent graph structure in an unsupervised setting. To this end, we propose CAFIN, a centrality-aware fairness-inducing framework that leverages the structural information of graphs to tune the representations generated by existing frameworks. We deploy it on GraphSAGE (a popular framework in this domain) and showcase its efficacy on two downstream tasks – Node Classification and Link Prediction. Empirically, CAFIN consistently reduces the performance disparity across popular datasets (varying from 18 to 80% reduction in performance disparity) from various domains while incurring only a minimal cost of fairness.

Abstract

This paper presents a low power voltage reference and current reference in one circuit. The reference voltage is the sum of the complementary to absolute temperature (CTAT) gatesource voltage of a MOSFET operating in the subthreshold region and a scaled version of the proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) ΔVGS of two MOSFETs operating in subthreshold region. The generated temperature independent reference current is the ratio of the reference voltage and a resistance. The proposed circuit does not use an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) to generate the reference current, thereby eliminates the variation in current due to any offset of the OTA. Furthermore, the circuit uses a native MOSFET for ameliorating the DC PSRR. The proposed circuit is designed in a 130nm CMOS process. The circuit works with a minimum supply voltage of 1.2V while generating a reference voltage of around 0.7V and a reference current of around 100nA. A TC of 100 ppm/˚C for the reference voltage and a TC of 108 ppm/˚C for the reference current are noted for mismatch and process variations from Monte-Carlo simulations for 300 samples. The circuit consumes only 240nW of power, which makes it suitable for ultra-low power applications.

Abstract

Aspect-based summarization of a legal case file related to regulating bodies allows different stakeholders to consume information of interest therein efficiently. In this paper, we propose a multi-step process to achieve the same. First, we explore the semantic sentence segmentation of SEBI case files via classification. We also propose a dataset of Indian legal adjudicating orders which contain tags from carefully crafted domain-specific sentence categories with the help of legal experts. We experiment with various machine learning and deep learning methods for this multi-class classification. Then, we examine the performance of numerous summarization methods on the segmented document to generate persona-specific summaries. Finally, we develop a pipeline making use of the best methods in both sub-tasks to achieve high recall.

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Abstract

Single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) plays a vital role in low-light imaging. Process libraries do not have a SPAD device model for simulation. A circuit model that can accurately simulate SPAD’s behavior is required. This paper reviews and compares currently available SPAD models. A passive quenching circuit (PQC) is used to characterize SPAD models. 30 µm X 30 µm square-shaped n+/p-sub, nwell/p-sub, p+/nwell/p-sub SPADs without guard rings are designed, and a breakdown voltage of 11.16, 14.78, and 10.22 volts is observed, respectively. The models are compared with SPAD’s quenching and recharge time. The n+/p-sub SPAD is used for our study. From this work, we conclude that the most accurate modeling of SPAD can be done by an equation-based model. We also compare the photon detection efficiency (PDE) and dark count rates (DCR). This study is conducted in the TSMC 180 nm process.

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This paper presents the implementation of inexpensive and adaptable micro-heater circuits utilizing the principles of joule heating and induction heating. The heating mechanisms were simulated and analyzed using COMSOL Multiphysics software. A comparative investigation was conducted in simulation to examine the performance of both heating techniques, and findings are reported. Furthermore, a flexible device prototype was fabricated to demonstrate the feasibility of the micro-heater, and a comparative experimental analysis was performed on micro-heaters integrated in two distinct substrates, namely polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Ecoflex.

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The increasing prominence of fingerprint recognition as a biomet ric identifier has made it more vulnerable to presentation attacks, specifically non-distal attacks that exploit ridge and minutiae pat terns foundinnon-distalphalanges.Inthisstudy,wepresentpresen tation attacks through non-distal/toe prints and a state-of-the-art lightweight inverted residual network that excels at differentiating between distal and non-distal prints, providing unrivaled perfor mance in terms of accuracy, inference time, and false negative rate (FNR). Our proposed model surpasses other statistical machine learning methods, such as variable-margin SVM, and lightweight models like MobileNet v2, MobileNet v3, and ResNet18. We meticu lously evaluate our model using a diverse array of datasets, includ ing the NIST dataset, an in-house collected dataset, a toe dataset, a synthetic dataset generated by VeriFinger software, and a six-class dataset. To assess performance when only minutiae points are avail able, we develop analgorithmthat converts fingerprints to minutiae points and subsequently reconstructs fingerprints. Furthermore, we examine the ridge density of distal and non-distal prints across datasets, emphasizing their similarities and underscoring the need for advanced detection techniques. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first endeavor to propose a solution for presentation attack detection in non-distal phalanges. Our research demonstrate various challenges of presentation attacks, the effectiveness of our approach, which holds the potential to significantly influence the domain of finger print recognition and security. By sharing our dataset, model, and experimental details with the research community, we aim to foster further advancements in this crucial area. Upon publication, we will make our dataset and experimental details available alongside the paper

Abstract

The swift surge of digital communication on social media platforms has brought about an increase in hate speech online, especially sexism. Such content can have devastating effects on the psychological well-being of the users, and it becomes imperative to design automated systems that can identify and flag such harmful content. Human moderation alone is inadequate to manage the volume of content, necessitating efficient technological solutions. In this study, we explore the performance of different modern techniques on Bert-based models for detecting sexist text. We explore four such techniques, namely, Domain Adaptive Pre-training (DAP), Learning Rate Scheduling (LeR), Data Augmentation (DAug), and an ensemble of all three. The results show that each technique improves performance differently on each task due to their different approaches, which may be suited to a certain problem more. The ensemble model performs the best in all three subtasks. These models are trained on a Semeval’23 shared task dataset, which includes both sexist and non-sexist texts. All in all, this study explores the potential of DAP-LeR-DAug techniques in detecting sexist content. The results of this study highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the three different techniques with respect to each subtask. The results of this study will be useful for researchers and developers interested in developing systems for identifying and flagging online hate speech.

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