Abstract

Crustal deformation in vertical direction is higher at convergent plate marg other plate margins. Even though there are three types of convergent plate mar continental-continental plate, oceanic-continental plate and oceani considers only the interaction between oceanic plate and continental plate lithospheric mantle to understand the topography effect on continental plate. T element models are developed and analyzed using commercially availabl Contact properties are defined between plates so that effect of friction is calc an elasto-visco rheology and analysis is carried for 30000 years. The mo nclination angles leading to subduction or collision effects the length of vertic Also, increasing the coefficient of friction decreases the vertical deforma amount of subsidence. This study concludes inclination angle and coefficient role for the development of higher topographic regions at convergent plate mar asupuleti and Pradeep Kumar Ramancharla. This is an open access article distributed un use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properl evolved to be one of the most aining the behaviour of rigid the earth’s surface leading to Convergent, Divergent and dynamic evolution of the, 1965). One of the nteraction leading to different re found where tectonic plates te boundaries comprise both At subduction zones geological suggest that convergence is plate (oceanic plate) r oceanic plate). At collisional plates are both continental in the other carries a magmatic. In simple the continental ion) normally follows the convergent forces of lateral Turcotte and Schubert, bservations show that vertical surface near convergent …

Abstract

Capture the mechanical behaviour of RC frame systems subjected to Lateral loading and estimating the damage state of structure are still changing tasks in civil engineering

Abstract

The term natural hazard implies a natural phenomenon which may cause direct damage, injury, or harm to those in its path (Selby, 1993). In India, natural disasters majorly relates to its climatic conditions. For example disasters like droughts, flash floods, cyclones, avalanches, landslides by rains etc are the cause of massive loss of life and property. On the other side earthquakes also causes a major threat to the nation, where seismically triggered landslides are one among the many types of hazards. This hazard has greatly increased because of the expansion of commercial and residential development in to earthquake-prone slope side locations. Most moderate and large earthquakes produce ground motions that can trip Landslides, which poses a double threat to those living in these risk areas. This study mainly focuses on the threat assessment of buildings located on slopes prevalent to earthquake hazard and to develop a Slope Hazard Zonation Map for an area of interest. Keywords: Natural hazards, Earthquake risk, Landslides, Threat map.

Abstract

The 7.8 M earthquake occurred in south east Iran on 16 April 2013 at 10: 44: 20 UTC. This earthquake was the most massive earthquake in last 50 years, with tremors felt across Pakistan, Oman and UAE. According to BHRC (Iranian Building and Housing Research Center) report, this event was recorded by 33 digital accelerographs in Iran Strong Ground Motion Network. The peak acceleration was recorded in Sabz Gazz seismic station. This study presents simulation of near-field ground motions of the 2013 Iran earthquake. For this purpose, five seismic stations are selected to simulate ground motions using semi-empirical approach. Hamzehloo and Mahood (2012) attenuation relationship for south east Iran is used to obtain acceleration waveformenvelope function. Acomparison is done on characteristics of observed and simulated ground motions. The simulated results are satisfactory at many of the seismic stations. It is concluded that higher frequencies (2-10 Hz) of simulated ground motions match with observed ground motions.

Abstract

n present scenario buildings with floating columns are of typical feature in the modern multistorey construction practices in urban India. Such types of constructions are highly undesirable in building built in seismically active areas. This paper studies the analysis of a G+5 storey normal building and a G+5 storey floating column building for external lateral forces. The analysis is done by the use of SAP 2000. This paper also studies the variation of the both structures by applying the intensities of the past earthquakes i.e., applying the ground motions to the both structures, from that displacement time history values are compared. This study is to find whether the structure is safe or unsafe with floating column when built in seismically active areas and also to find floating column building is economical or uneconomical.

Abstract

Many countries have their own building codes-of-practice for earthquake resistant design of structures. These codes provide conventional approach to earthquake resistant design of buildings with sufficient strength, stiffness and inelastic deformation capacity to withstand a given level of earthquake generated force. Under a given earthquake, the level of damage to a structure is greatly influenced by nonlinear capacity of its members. Even when the nonlinear capacities are same, the overall damage is critically influenced by the structure’s shape, size and geometry.This paper presents the research on the influence of aspect ratio on overall damage of the structure subjected to earthquake loading. In this paper a numerical study is carried out for 3 benchmark structures, with an aspect ratio (height to widthratio) of 3, 1 and 0.3, to define failure pattern in nonlinear state. Nonlinear static pushover analysis is performed to understand the capacity of structure and expended energy based damage assessment is used to estimate the damage. The results are compared in terms of damage, displacement and plastic hinge pattern

Abstract

Centre for Earthquake Engineering, Brick mamasory is one of the oldest material used for the construction of load bering

Abstract

Buildings in urban areas and metropolitan cities are constructed very close to each other. This is because of the requirement of functional usage and high land value. Because of the insufficient gap between the adjacent buildings or adjacent units of the same buildings, they are most vulnerable for seismic damage like pounding. The adjacent land generally belongs to different land owners, where they construct the buildings for different requirements (residential, public). This leads to different dynamic properties of the adjacent buildings. During the earthquakes these may vibrate in or out-of-phase leading to damages, varying from slight architectural damages to severe structural damages. In this paper the pounding analysis is done for different cases of different building positions like buildings of same height and same floor level to buildings in row, are analyzed using SAP (2000) software package. When the two buildings are placed at different floor levels the impact force is more than buildings with the same floor levels. Also when buildings are in a row exterior building suffers more pounding damage than the interior building.

Abstract

Door and window openings are unavoidable components in RC masonry in-filled frames because of functional and ventilation requirements. The presence of openings in RC masonry in- filled frames reduces the lateral stiffness and strength of the wall, which modifies the actual behavior of structure. If these openings are located in the restricted zones like areas within middle two thirds of a wall panel, then the wall needs to be strengthened by providing necessary structural elements such as lintel or lintel bands (i.e., horizontal/vertical bands) around them. Lack of such strengthening techniques may cause the structure to undergo severe damage during the seismic excitations. In this paper, the change in response of RC masonry infilled frames due to the presence of lintels and lintel bands above the openings is studied. For studying the behavior of the frames, static non-linear pushover analysis using Applied Element Method (AEM) based analysis tool has been used.

Abstract

According to current seismic zone map around 60% of India’s land area is prone to moderate to severe earthquakes. And earthquake losses, in terms of life and property in last 2 decades have been high, with housing contributing to over 95% of life loss; this failure attributed to improper design and construction practices of housing.Thus, all the three factors influencing earthquake risk of houses in India are above danger levels in many districts of India – hazard, exposure and vulnerability. This paper classifies housing risk in the entire country into four groups; about 47% of population is living in the highest risk. Gigantic effort is required to mitigate the risk. The paper also suggests some steps to move forward to reduce earthquake risk to housing in India.