Abstract

The radiant systems consume less energy and provide better thermal comfort as compared to the conventional system, but the main drawback of radiant technology is inability to cater the latent load and condensation. This problem has engaged researchers to push their emphasis on Personalized Conditioning System (PCS). It forms a micro-climate region near the occupant. This study is aimed at PCS combined with a radiant conditioning system, which evaluates the performance of the PCS and compares it with different radiant cooling systems. A radiant cubicle was used to investigate the performance of the PCS for both heating & cooling modes. For heating mode, the Standard Effective Temperature (SET) was calculated with the help of thermal comfort surveys which were in a range of 23.4°C to 27.3°C. For cooling mode, four different cases compared the performance of the system which are: Conventional Air …

Abstract

recently, the Digital Twin (DT) technology has procured a lot of attention because of its applicability in the manufacturing and space industries. The DT environment involves the formation of a clone of the tangible object to perform simulations in the virtual space. The combination of conceptual development, predictive maintenance, real-time monitoring, and simulation characteristics of DT has increased the utilization of DT in different scenarios, such as medical environments, healthcare, manufacturing industries, aerospace, etc. However, these utilizations have also brought serious security pitfalls in DT deployment. Towards this, several authentication protocols with different security and privacy features for DT environments have been proposed. In this article, we first review a recently proposed two-factor authentication protocol for DT environments that utilizes the blockchain technology. However, the analyzed scheme is unable to offer the desirable security and cannot withstand various security attacks like offline password-guessing attack, smart card stolen attack, anonymity property, and known session- specific temporary information attack. We also demonstrate that an attacker can impersonate the analyzed protocol’s legal user, owner, and cloud server. To mitigate these security loopholes, we devise an effective three-factor privacy-preserving authentication scheme for DT environments. The proposed work is demonstrated to be secure by performing the informal security analysis, the formal security analysis using the widely recognized Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic, and the Real-or-Random (ROR) model. A detailed comparative study with the existing competing schemes including the analyzed scheme demonstrates that the devised framework furnishes better security features while also having lower computation costs and comparable communication costs than the existing schemes.

Abstract

The growth of IoT devices is so rapid that several billions of such devices would be in use in a span of four-year period. Essential security mechanisms need to be put in place to curb several security attacks prevalent in IoT. Access control is an important security mechanism that ensures legitimate and controlled access to critical and limited resources in IoT. The current access control schemes for IoT could not handle burgeoning number of IoT devices, while meeting the necessary level of security. Consequently, in this paper, we propose a new scalable and secure access control scheme for IoT. With blockchain as the root-of-trust, the proposed scheme performs access control for the IoT devices without having the resource-constrained IoT devices to be part of the blockchain network and to possess substantial amount of blockchain data. Blockchain’s tamper-proof property makes it an ideal candidate to be chosen as the root-of-trust. The scheme is secure against various security attacks prevalent in IoT. A proof-of-concept implementation for the scheme is developed and deployed in Ethereum Mainnet. The transaction costs of the different operations in the scheme are fairly below USD 3. Furthermore, scalability of the proposed scheme in different scenarios is investigated.

Abstract

IoT-enabled Smart Grid (IoT-SG) is an emerging paradigm that enables the bi-direction communication of IoT devices and hardware to efficiently collect and transmit the consumer’s information over the Internet. However, the underlying open communication network and resource-constrained capabilities of devices invite manifold challenges and threats in terms of security and privacy. To alleviate such issues, we designed a private blockchain-based access control protocol for IoT-SG using Physically Unclonable Function (PUF). Our protocol allows the Service Provider (SP) and smart meters to transfer the data in an efficient and secure manner. The participating SPs form the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network, and each peer node is responsible for securely creating the blocks from the gathered data. Thereafter, all the peer nodes employ a voting-based consensus mechanism to verify and add the recently created block …

Abstract

With the continuous improvement of the public medical system, the current medical service industry is more intelligent. Among them, the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) plays a significant role in intelligent medicine. The emergence of remote wireless monitoring platforms in the IoMT systems has significantly reduced the risk of virus infection among medical staff. However, data is easy to be stolen by criminals in the transmission process. To mitigate these issues, we propose a three-factor enhanced protocol for monitoring patient body information. The proposed protocol can provide the confidentiality of transmitted data and the privacy of doctors and patients. The security of the protocol is demonstrated in the Random Oracle Model (ROM) for formal security. In addition, by comparing the proposed protocol with other related works, our design has efficient performance both in execution time and communication costs.

Abstract

Multiple kinds of ransomware are currently posing a growing threat to the Internet users. Important user data is encrypted by the trendy ransomware, and its recovery requires payment of a ransom in terms of some amount of money. The trend of crypto-currencies may be a contributing factor to the rise of ransomware attacks. From time to time, different mechanisms for detection and mitigation of ransomware attacks have been proposed. However, the performance of the ransomware detection process can be improved through the deployment of Machine Learning/Deep Learning based mechanisms. In this article, we propose a novel Spline Interpolation envisioned Neural Network based Ransomware Detection Scheme (in short, we call it as SINN-RD). Additionally, we introduce the mechanisms for normalizing the data and generating the new features from the log files. The conducted security analysis of the

Abstract

Designing a secure and efficient authentication protocol is crucial and challenging in the mobility network. Due to the seamless roaming of mobile users over multiple foreign agents and the broadcast nature of the communication channel, the mobile networks are often exposed to several network attacks. To achieve perfect authentication and secure communication among mobility entities like MU (Mobile User), FA (Foreign Agent) and HA (Home Agent), the researchers have proposed numerous authentication protocols in the past. However, the existing protocols for the mobility environments are insufficient to address the fundamental security concerns and an adversary can impersonate the mobile user at anytime. Thus, we propose Mobile-Chain, a secure blockchain-based authentication system for mobility environments. The proposed Mobile-Chain is designed to protect user privacy and guarantees provable

Abstract

We investigate whether it is possible to teleport the coherence of an unknown quantum state from Alice to Bob by communicating lesser number of classical bits in comparison to what is required in teleporting an unknown quantum state. We find that we cannot do perfect teleportation of coherence with one bit of classical communication for an arbitrary qubit. However, we find that if the qubit is chosen from equatorial and polar circles, then teleportation of coherence will be possible with transfer of one cbit of information if we have maximally entangled states as a shared resource. In the case of resource being a non maximally entangled state, we can teleport quantum coherence with a certain probability of success. In a general teleportation protocol for coherence, we derive a compact formula for the final state at Bob’s lab in terms of composition of the completely positive maps corresponding to the shared resource state and joint POVM performed by Alice on her qubit and the unknown state. With the help of this formula, we investigate the amount of coherence teleported when the resource shared state is the maximally entangled mixed state and Werner state for the unknown pure as well as mixed states state at Alice’s lab. In particular, we show that when the Werner state becomes separable then also the amount of teleported coherence is non-zero, implying the possibility of teleportation of coherence without entanglement. We have also shown that teleportation of coherence of an arbitrary state with real matrix elements is exactly possible with the help of maximally entangled state as a resource.

Abstract

Blockchains have proven to provide a high level of performance in terms of security and reliability for various applications like cryptocurrencies and Internet-of-Things (IoT). Prism is a recent blockchain algorithm that achieves the physical limit on throughput and latency without compromising security. In recent days, reinforcement learning approaches are investi- gated in traditional blockchains, to improve performance. In this work, we apply Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to one of the promising blockchain protocols, Prism, to optimize its performance. We propose a Deep Reinforcement Learning- based Prism Blockchain (DRLPB) scheme which dynamically optimizes the parameters of the Prism blockchain and helps in achieving a better performance. In DRLPB, we apply two widely used DRL algorithms, Dueling Deep Q Networks (DDQN) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). This work presents a novel approach to applying DDQN and PPO to a blockchain protocol and comparing the performance. The DRLPB scheme adapts the Prism blockchain parameters to enhance the number of votes upto 84% more than Prism, while still preserving the security and latency performance guarantees of Prism.

Abstract

Integrating scalability, interoperability, and security has become crucial with the widespread adoption of Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled smart city solutions. In this context, the oneM2M provides promising technical specifications for an interoperable and secure IoT/M2M system. This paper focuses on the potential threats and their impact on oneM2M standardbased smart city deployments. Further, configurations for baseline security of the oneM2M open-source implementation, called eclipse OM2M, are presented. Recommendations are proposed based on actual on-ground tests conducted on OM2M-based smart city deployment of IIIT Hyderabad (IIIT-H) in India. The tests cover passive eavesdropping, performing replay attacks, brute force on credentials, denial of service, and analysis of access control policies. Index Terms—Eclipse OM2M, Internet of Things (IoT) security, IoT security standardisation, oneM2M, smart city