Abstract

Growing interest in conversational agents promote two- way human-computer communications involving asking and answering visual questions have become an active area of research in AI. Thus, generation of visual question- answer pair(s) becomes an important and challenging task. To address this issue, we propose a weakly-supervised vi- sual question answer generation method that generates a relevant question-answer pairs for a given input image and associated caption. Most of the prior works are supervised and depend on the annotated question-answer datasets. In our work, we present a weakly supervised method that synthetically generates question-answer pairs procedurally from visual information and captions. The proposed method initially extracts list of answer words, then does near- est question generation that uses the caption and answer word to generate synthetic question. Next, the relevant question generator converts the nearest question to rele- vant language question by dependency parsing and in-order tree traversal, finally, fine-tune a ViLBERT model with the question-answer pair(s) generated at end. We perform an exhaustive experimental analysis on VQA dataset and see that our model significantly outperform SOTA methods on BLEU scores. We also show the results wrt baseline models and ablation study

Abstract

Nucleobase π–π stacking is one of the crucial organizing interactions within three-dimensional (3D) RNA architectures. Characterizing the structural variability of these contacts in RNA crystal structures will help delineate their subtleties and their role in determining function. This analysis of different stacking geometries found in RNA X-ray crystal structures is the largest such survey to date; coupled with quantum-mechanical calculations on typical representatives of each possible stacking arrangement, we determined the distribution of stacking interaction energies. A total of 1,735,481 stacking contacts, spanning 359 of the 384 theoretically possible distinct stacking geometries, were identified. Our analysis reveals preferential occurrences of specific consecutive stacking arrangements in certain regions of RNA architectures. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that 88 of the 359 contacts possess intrinsically stable stacking geometries, whereas the remaining stacks require the RNA backbone or surrounding macromolecular environment to force their formation and maintain their stability. Our systematic analysis of π–π stacks in RNA highlights trends in the occurrence and localization of these noncovalent interactions and may help better understand the structural intricacies of functional RNA-based molecular architectures.

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a decentralized learning algorithm to restore communication connectivity during multi-agent formation control. The time-varying connectivity profile of a mobile multi-agent system represents the dynamic information exchange capabilities among agents. While connected to the neighbors, each mobile agent in the proposed scheme learns to raise the team connectivity. When the inter-agent communication is lost, the associated trained neural network generates appropriate control actions to restore connectivity. The proposed learning technique leverages an adaptive control formalism, wherein a neural network tries to mimic the negative gradient of a value that relies on the agent-to-neighbor distances. All agents use the conventional consensus protocol during the connected multi-agent dynamics, and under communication loss, only the lost agent executes the neural network predicted actions to come back to the fleet. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach for single/multiple agent loss even in the presence of velocity disturbances.

Abstract

n = 66) to compare the efficacy of Linseeds (Linum usitatissimum L.), Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk.), and honey in uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease (uPID) with standard drugs using experi- mental and computational analysis. The pessary group received placebo capsules orally twice daily plus a per vaginum cotton pessary of powder from linseeds and psyllium seeds, each weighing 3 gm, with honey (5 mL) at bedtime. The standard group received 100 mg of doxycycline twice daily and 400 mg of metronidazole TID orally plus a placebo cotton pessary per vaginum at bedtime for 14 days. The primary outcomes were clinical features of uPID (vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain (LAP), low backache (LBA), and pelvic tenderness. The secondary outcomes included leucocytes (WBCs) in vaginal discharge on saline microscopy and the SF-12 health questionnaire. In addition, we also classified both (pessary and standard) groups using machine learning models such as Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), and AdaBoost (AB). The pessary group showed a higher percentage reduction than the standard group in abnormal vaginal discharge (87.05% vs. 77.94%), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)-LAP (80.57% vs. 77.09%), VAS-LBA (74.19% vs. 68.54%), McCormack pain scale (McPS) score for pelvic tenderness (75.39% vs. 67.81%), WBC count of vaginal discharge (87.09% vs. 83.41%) and improvement in SF-12 HRQoL score (94.25% vs. 86.81%). Addition- ally, our DT 5-fold model achieved the maximum accuracy (61.80%) in the classification. We propose that the pessary group is cost-effective, safer, and more effective as standard drugs for treating uPID and improving the HRQoL of women. Aucubin, Plantamajoside, Herbacetin, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, Secoisolariciresinol Monoglucoside, and other various natural bioactive molecules of psyllium and linseeds have beneficial effects as they possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimi- crobial, and immunomodulatory properties. The anticipated research work is be a better alternative treatment for genital infections

Abstract

The major impulse-like excitation in the speech signal is due to abrupt closure of the vocal folds, which takes place at the glottal closure instant (GCI) or epoch in each cycle. GCIs are used in many areas of speech science and technology, such as in prosody modification, voice source analysis, formant extraction and speech synthesis. It is difficult to observe these discontinuities (corresponding to GCIs) in the speech signal because of the superimposed time-varying response of the vocal tract system. This paper examines the phase part of different frequency components of the speech signal to extract epochs. Three analysis methods to decompose the speech signal into different frequency components are considered. These methods are the short-time Fourier transform (STFT), narrow bandpass filtering (NBPF), and single frequency filtering (SFF). The locations of the discontinuities in the speech signal are obtained from the instantaneous frequency (IF) (i.e., the time derivative of the phase) of each of the frequency components. A method for automatic detection of epochs using the amplitude weighted IF

Abstract

In drug discovery applications, high throughput virtual screening exercises are rou- tinely performed to determine an initial set of candidate molecules referred to as “hits”. In such an experiment, each molecule from large small-molecule drug library is evalu- ated for physical property such as the binding affinity (docking score) against a target receptor. In real-life drug discovery experiments, the drug libraries are extremely large but still a minor representation of the essentially infinite chemical space , and evaluation

Abstract

With synchronization being one of nature's most ubiquitous collective behaviors, the field of network synchronization has experienced tremendous growth, leading to significant theoretical developments. However, most previous studies consider uniform connection weights and undirected networks with positive coupling. In the present article, we incorporate the asymmetry in a two-layer multiplex network by assigning the ratio of the adjacent nodes' degrees as the weights to the intralayer edges. Despite the presence of degree-biased weighting mechanism and attractive-repulsive coupling strengths, we are able to find the necessary conditions for intralayer synchronization and interlayer antisynchronization and test whether these two macroscopic states can withstand demultiplexing in a network. During the occurrence of these two states, we analytically calculate the oscillator's amplitude. In addition to deriving the local stability conditions for interlayer antisynchronization via the master stability function approach, we also construct a suitable Lyapunov function to determine a sufficient condition for global stability. We provide numerical evidence to show the necessity of negative interlayer coupling strength for the occurrence of antisynchronization, and such repulsive interlayer coupling coefficients cannot destroy intralayer synchronization.

Abstract

Kalman filter (KF) and its variants are commonly used in estimating states of dynamical systems. For accurate estimation of states, researchers have developed intelligent KFs by combining them with machine learning algorithms. The inherent variations in the vehicle dynamics and uncertainties in the environment require the development of an autonomous sequential framework for continuous estimation. Further, the need for real-time estimation of states in certain applications requires low computer memory usage and low computational cost while implementing autonomous-structured learning algorithms. In this paper, a parsimonious autonomous sequential estimator (PASE) is proposed, which combines the KF-based estimator and autonomous-structured recurrent parsimonious learning machine (rPALM) in a sequential manner. The rPALM overcomes the dependency on target variables while point-to-hyperplane distance calculation. The performance of PASE has been evaluated extensively by comparing it with various batch-learning algorithms and single-pass learning-based intelligent estimators. The results clearly indicate that PASE provides better estimation accuracy with a compact architecture for both linear and nonlinear dynamical systems. Finally, the performance of PASE has been evaluated with experimental data for the state estimation of an unmanned ground vehicle while the training of the learning machine is performed with the simulated data. The estimation accuracy in such a scenario is justifying its appropriateness in real-

Abstract

The rampant adoption of digital technologies made momentous changes in all economic sectors. The agriculture sector cannot abstain from the digital revolution. Agriculture and farming are one of the oldest and most important professions in India. The sector remains the backbone of the Indian rural economy, which desperately demands technological impetus for the socio-economic development of rural areas. Smart agriculture is a revolution in the agriculture industry which helps to guide the actions that are required to modify and reorient the agricultural systems. The paper made an extensive survey of various technologies proposed for the agriculture sector. We have surveyed various smart agricultural applications developed and proposed a taxonomy for classifying them. Network infrastructure and connectivity remains the major challenge for rural areas. The paper explores the viability of

Abstract

Designing navigation strategies for search-time optimization remains of interest in various interdisciplinary branches in science. Herein, we focus on active Brownian walkers in noisy and confined environments, which are mediated by one such autonomous strategy, namely stochastic resetting. As such, resetting stops the motion and compels the walkers to restart from the initial configuration intermittently. The resetting clock is operated externally without any influence from the searchers. In particular, the resetting coordinates are either quenched (fixed) or annealed (fluctuating) over the entire topography. Although the strategy relies upon simple governing laws of motion, it shows a significant ramification for the search-time statistics, in contrast to the search process conducted by the underlying reset-free dynamics. Using extensive numerical simulations, we show that the resetting-driven protocols enhance the performance of these active searchers. This, however, depends robustly on the inherent search-time fluctuations, measured by the coefficient of variation of the underlying reset-free process. We also explore the effects of different boundaries and rotational diffusion constants on the search-time fluctuations in the presence of resetting. Notably, for the annealed condition, resetting is always found to expedite the search process. These features, as well as their applicability to more general optimization problems from queuing systems, computer science and randomized numerical algorithms, to active living systems such as enzyme turnover and backtracking recovery of RNA polymerases in gene expression, make resetting-based strategies universally promising.