Abstract

Large-scale deployment of fully autonomous vehicles requires a very high degree of robustness to unstructured traffic, weather conditions, and should prevent unsafe mispredictions. While there are several datasets and benchmarks focusing on segmentation for drive scenes, they are not specifically focused on safety and robustness issues. We introduce the IDD-AW dataset, which provides 5000 pairs of high-quality images with pixel-level annotations, captured under rain, fog, low light, and snow in unstructured driving conditions. As compared to other adverse weather datasets, we provide i.) more annotated images, ii.) paired Near-Infrared (NIR) image for each frame, iii.) larger label set with a 4-level label hierarchy to capture unstructured traffic conditions. We benchmark state-of-the-art models for semantic segmentation in IDD-AW. We also propose a new metric called “Safe mean Intersection over Union (Safe mIoU)” for hierarchical datasets which penalizes dangerous mispredictions that are not captured in the traditional definition of mean Intersection over Union (mIoU). The results show that IDD-AW is one of the most challenging datasets to date for these tasks. The dataset and code will be available here: http://iddaw.github.io.

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Indian folk paintings have a rich mosaic of symbols, colors, textures, and stories making them an invaluable repository of cultural legacy. The paper presents a novel approach to classifying these paintings into distinct art forms and tagging them with their unique salient features. A custom dataset named FolkTalent, comprising 2279 digital images of paintings across 12 different forms, has been prepared using websites that are direct outlets of Indian folk paintings. Tags covering a wide range of attributes like color, theme, artistic style, and patterns are generated using GPT4, and verified by an expert for each painting. Classification is performed employing the RandomForest ensemble technique on fine-tuned Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models to classify Indian folk paintings, achieving an accuracy of 91.83%. Tagging is accomplished via the prominent fine-tuned CNN-based backbones with a custom classifier attached to its top to perform multi-label image classification. The generated tags offer a deeper insight into the painting, enabling an enhanced search experience based on theme and visual attributes. The proposed hybrid model sets a new benchmark in folk painting classification and tagging, significantly contributing to cataloging India’s folk-art heritage.

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Despite recent advancements showcasing the impressive capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in conversational systems, we show that even state-of-the-art LLMs are morally inconsistent in their generations, questioning their reliability (and trustworthiness in general). Prior works in LLM evaluation focus on developing ground-truth data to measure accuracy on specific tasks. However, for moral scenarios that often lack universally agreed-upon answers, consistency in model responses becomes crucial for their reliability. To address this issue, we propose an information-theoretic measure called Semantic Graph Entropy (SaGE), grounded in the concept of "Rules of Thumb" (RoTs) to measure a model's moral consistency. RoTs are abstract principles learned by a model and can help explain their decision-making strategies effectively. To this extent, we construct the Moral Consistency Corpus (MCC), containing 50K moral questions, responses to them by LLMs, and the RoTs that these models followed. Furthermore, to illustrate the generalizability of SaGE, we use it to investigate LLM consistency on two popular datasets -- TruthfulQA and HellaSwag. Our results reveal that task-accuracy and consistency are independent problems, and there is a dire need to investigate these issues further.

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A Large Language Model (LLM) is considered consistent if semantically equivalent prompts produce semantically equivalent responses. Despite recent advancements showcasing the impressive capabilities of LLMs in conversational systems, we show that even state-of-the-art LLMs are highly inconsistent in their generations, questioning their reliability. Prior research has tried to measure this with task-specific accuracy. However, this approach is unsuitable for moral scenarios, such as the trolley problem, with no "correct" answer. To address this issue, we propose a novel information-theoretic measure called Semantic Graph Entropy (SGE) to measure the consistency of an LLM in moral scenarios. We leverage "Rules of Thumb" (RoTs) to explain a model's decision-making strategies and further enhance our metric. Compared to existing consistency metrics, SGE correlates better with human judgments across five LLMs. In the future, we aim to investigate the root causes of LLM inconsistencies and propose improvements.

Abstract

While user authentication happens before initiating or resuming a login session, de-authentication detects the absence of a previously-authenticated user to revoke her currently active login session. The absence of proper de-authentication can lead to well-known lunchtime attacks, where a nearby adversary takes over a carelessly departed user's running login session. The existing solutions for automatic de-authentication have distinct practical limitations, e.g., extraordinary deployment requirements or high initial cost of external equipment. In this paper, we propose "DE-authentication using Ambient Light sensor" (DEAL), a novel, inexpensive, fast, and user-friendly de-authentication approach. DEAL utilizes the built-in ambient light sensor of a modern computer to determine if the user is leaving her work-desk. DEAL, by design, is resilient to natural shifts in lighting conditions and can be configured to handle abrupt changes in ambient illumination (e.g., due to toggling of room lights). We collected data samples from 4800 sessions with 120 volunteers in 4 typical workplace settings and conducted a series of experiments to evaluate the quality of our proposed approach thoroughly. Our results show that DEAL can de-authenticate a departing user within 4 seconds with a hit rate of 89.15% and a fall-out of 7.35%. Finally, bypassing DEAL to launch a lunchtime attack is practically infeasible as it requires the attacker to either take the user's position within a few seconds or manipulate the sensor readings sophisticatedly in real-time.

Abstract

Fingerprint recognition stands as a pivotal component of biometric technology, with diverse applications from identity verification to advanced search tools. In this paper, we propose a unique method for deriving robust fingerprint representations by leveraging enhancement-based pre-training. Building on the achievements of U- Net-based fingerprint enhancement, our method employs a specialized encoder to derive representations from fingerprint images in a self-supervised manner. We further refine these representations, aiming to enhance the verification capabilities. Our experimental results, tested on publicly available fingerprint datasets, reveal a marked improvement in verification performance against established self-supervised training techniques. Our findings not only highlight the effectiveness of our method but also pave the way for potential advancements. Crucially, our research indicates that it s feasible to extract meaningful fingerprint representations from de- graded images without relying on enhanced samples.

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Radiance Fields are being widely explored for 3D scene reconstruction and several downstream tasks, such as segmentation. Prior radiance field segmentation methods require scene-specific training to enable segmentation. We propose distilling semantic features into Radiance Fields in a generalisable fashion using GNT, a transformer-based architecture, enabling 3D reconstruction and multi-view segmentation on arbitrarily new scenes. By fine-tuning our method, any set of 2D features can be distilled into a radiance field, providing better multi-view consistency than the original features. We show multi-view segmentation results on standard datasets and compare our method against existing NeRF-based segmentation methods. We perform on par with the state-of-the-art scene-specific segmentation methods. Our approach and experiments bring generalisable NeRF methods one step closer to the contemporary NeRF literature.