Abstract

The principal objective of modelling symposium is to help form an active community working on various aspects of modelling and its applications. The focus is on problems that would be critical 3-5 years out in future. For example, problem spaces such as enterprises, systems, cyber-physical systems, etc. will be given more importance. The event has keynote and 6 invited talks delivered by personnel from Academia and Industry around the world. ModSym invited students and researchers to submit posters and extended abstracts.

Abstract

Software engineering researchers and their industrial counterparts have emphasized that research is essential for innovation. In practice, rather than ending up in a win-win situation, most of the times both the parties lose because of differences in expectations between the two sides. In this report, we briefly summarize the key insights from 1st International Workshop on Software Engineering Research and Industrial Practices (SER&IPs 2014) co-located with 36th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2014). The core lesson that stems out of this workshop is a definite need to have multiple approaches to deal with software engineering research-industrial practices partnership. Specifically, the workshop presented two keynotes: one from an industrial researcher explaining the need for academic expertise and an academic researcher on how their research added value to industry. An invited …

Abstract

In extant quantum secret sharing protocols, once the secret is shared in a quantum network (qnet) it cannot be retrieved, even if the dealer wishes that his/her secret no longer be available in the network. For instance, if the dealer is part of two qnets, say Q1 and Q2 and he/she subsequently finds that Q2 is more reliable than Q1, he/she may wish to transfer all her secrets from Q1 to Q2. Known protocols are inadequate to address such a revocation. In this work we address this problem by designing a protocol that enables the source/dealer to bring back the information shared in the network, if desired. Unlike classical revocation, the no-cloning theorem automatically ensures that the secret is no longer shared in the network.

Abstract

In this work we show that given a set S of n points with coordinates on an n × n grid, we can construct data structures for (i) reporting and (ii) counting the maximal points in an axes-parallel query rectangle in sub-logarithmic time. We assume our model of computation to be the word RAM with size of each word being log n bits.

Abstract

Motivated by the explosion of Big Data analytics, performance improvements in low-power (wimpy) systems and the increasing energy efficiency of GPUs, this paper presents a time–energy performance analysis of MapReduce on heterogeneous systems with GPUs. We evaluate the time and energy performance of three MapReduce applications with diverse resource demands on a Hadoop–CUDA framework. As executing these applications on heterogeneous systems with GPUs is challenging, we introduce a novel lazy processing technique which requires no modifications to the underlying Hadoop framework. To analyze the impact of heterogeneity, we compare the heterogeneous CPU+GPU with the homogeneous CPU-only execution across three systems with diverse characteristics, (i) a traditional high-performance (brawny) Intel i7 system hosting a discrete 640-core Nvidia GPU of the latest Maxwell generation, (ii) a wimpy platform consisting of a quad-core ARM Cortex-A9 hosting the same discrete Maxwell GPU, and (iii) a wimpy platform integrating four ARM Cortex-A15 cores and 192 Nvidia Kepler GPU cores on the same chip. These systems encompass both intra-node heterogeneity with discrete GPUs and intra-chip heterogeneity with integrated GPUs. Our measurement-based performance analysis highlights the following results. For compute-intensive workloads, the brawny heterogeneous system achieves speedups of up to 2.3 and reduces the energy usage by almost half compared to the brawny homogeneous system. As expected, for applications where data transfers dominate the execution time, heterogeneity exhibits worse time–energy performance compared to homogeneous systems. For such applications, the heterogeneous wimpy A9 system with discrete GPU uses around 14 times the energy of homogeneous A9 system due to both system resource imbalances and high power overhead of the discrete GPU. However, comparing among heterogeneous systems, the wimpy A15 with integrated GPU uses the lowest energy across all workloads. This allows us to establish an execution time equivalence ratio between a single brawny node and multiple wimpy nodes. Based on this equivalence ratio, the wimpy nodes exhibit energy savings of two-thirds while maintaining the same execution time. This result advocates the potential usage of heterogeneous wimpy systems with integrated GPUs for Big Data analytics.

Abstract

Hybrid programming model is becoming increasingly popular for HPC applications as it has the dual-advantage of exploiting inter-node distributed-memory scalability and intra-node shared-memory performance in a cluster system. One of the key challenges for energy efficient execution of hybrid programs is to determine time and energy efficient hardware configurations among a large system configuration space. Given a hybrid program with an execution time deadline and an energy budget, we propose a measurement-based analytical modelling approach to determine these system configurations. In contrast to current approaches, we model both inter and intra-node resource overlaps, memory contention among cores within a node and network contention across multiple nodes. The model invalidated against direct measurement using five representative HPC applications on Intel Xeon and ARM clusters having diverse time-energy performance. We show that a Pareto frontier consisting of optimal configurations exist for a hybrid program running on homogeneous clusters. To further optimize the Pareto frontier, we introduce a new metric, useful computation ratio (UCR) to quantify the degree of resource contentions and communication overheads in an execution. We discuss how UCR and Pareto-optimal configurations can be used in conjunction by system's designers to gain further insights into system resource imbalances, and how application developers can further fine-tune their hybrid programs

Abstract

Purpose: To model the modifiable risk factors by using the logistic regression (LR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models for prediction of progression of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and cross-validate these models for their predictive accuracies in a population in South India. Methods: The data (N= 3,723) were analyzed from Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS) on participants aged≥ 40 years. Sub-population data from this sample were drawn by using Random under Sampling (RUS)(n= 213) and combination of RUS and Random over Sampling (ROS)(n= 1420) techniques. The modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors which were elicited as part of the study were used to derive the LR based risk score models and the model fit was assessed using bootstrap method for internal validity. The ANN model was built for three sets of data using the multi-layer feed-forward back propagation …

Abstract

Extreme learning machine (ELM) as a new learning approach has shown its good generalization performance in regression and classification applications. Clustering analysis is an important tool to explore the structure of data and has been employed in many disciplines and applications. In this paper, we present a method that builds on ELM projection of input data into a high-dimensional feature space and followed by unsupervised clustering using artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. While ELM projection facilitates separability of clusters, a metaheuristic technique such as ABC algorithm overcomes problems of dependence on initialization of cluster centers and convergence to local minima suffered by conventional algorithms such as K-means. The proposed ELM-ABC algorithm is tested on 12 benchmark data sets. The experimental results show that the ELM-ABC algorithm can effectively improve the …

Abstract

Voltage noise can lead to various errors such as dynamic and permanent, which are directly associated to circuit-level reliability issues. Variability in process parameters directly affects the probability of failures associated to voltage noise. Yet, the evaluation of the probability of failures by SPICE level Monte Carlo simulation is prohibitively time-consuming. This work proposes a technique to characterize the input noise and process variations in order to estimate failure probability in a logic circuit path composed of combinational cells and registers. The method allows to correctly estimate the order of magnitude of the probability of failures and to evidence the influence of process variations, while reaching >104 speedup versus SPICE.

Abstract

Aging phenomena, on top of process variations along with temperature and supply voltage variations, translate into complex degradation effects on the required performance and yield of nanoscale circuits. The proposed paper focuses on the development of mathematically optimal circuit sizing for yield maximization on the case study of a CMOS full adder circuit. The final cell design is robust against NBTI aging effects, impact of statistical (global and mismatch) and operating variation of temperature and supply voltage. Monte Carlo analysis has been carried out to verify the estimated yields. The demonstrated technique can be extended to a library of optimally designed digital cells