Abstract

Pipeline generally extends over long distances traversing through wide variety of different soils, geological conditions and regions with different seismicity and ground motions. Vulnerability of the pipeline due to seismic hazards can be divided in to three categories i.e. hazard due to ground vibration, hazard due to faulting and hazard due to permanent ground deformation (PGD). Though there are no severe damage were observed due ground vibration in the modern buried pipeline though it may trigger to secondary effect of landsliding and ground motion due to liquefaction. Main stream researches in past especially analytical models are limited to strike slip fault motions with tension in pipe case only. As the large geometric changes incorporating in analytical study is a tricky task; however pipeline subjected to the large ground motion itself is a phenomenon of large geometric changes. Especially when pipeline subjected to compression, where in addition to material deformation it also undergoes general as well as local buckling with bending, contradictorily past work mostly assumed that pipeline is under tension. With day by day increasing capacity of computation and advancement in numerical modelling, one can find more facts for pipeline subjected to large motions including cases of pipe under compression as well. In this paper, past work is reviewed for pipeline subjected to large ground motion. A three dimensional FE based numerical model is suggested to carry out pipeline performance of buried pipeline subjected to large motion. A proposed model includes material nonlinearity, as well as considers the large geometric deformation. For this purpose, three dimensional FE program is developed using MATLAB. Displacement controlled Arc-length technique is implemented to solve the nonlinear behavior. To reduce the computation time of analysis here parallelization tool kit of MATLAB is utilized. Keywords: Buried continuous pipeline; Large ground motion; Nonlinear-large deformation FEM; Displacement controlled Arc-length technique.

Abstract

Past response analyses of structures under earthquake excitations revealed that both the maximum displacement and the number of inelastic excursions cause higher damage to the structure. However, it is observed that the quantification of damage is a difficult task. In the paper, a new methodology is proposed for the quantification of damage of reinforced concrete framed structure. This method is based on the nonlinear energy dissipated by the structure along the complete displacement path. Three methods have been proposed to assess the global damage state of the structure, for any deformation level. In these proposed methods, the damage index is expressed as the ratio of nonlinear dissipated energy at an instant, to the total non-linear energy capacity of the structure. To calculate the energy, pushover curve is plotted between base shear versus displacement at C.G of external force profile, which provides consistent meaning for work done by external forces. The area under the curve represents the energy dissipated by the structure. To illustrate the proposed concept, two cases i.e., G+5 and G+9 story structures have been considered. Keywords: Pushover analysis, expended energy, total energy, damage index.

Abstract

According to current seismic zone map around 60% of India’s land area is prone to moderate to severe earthquakes. And earthquake losses, in terms of life and property in last 2 decades have been high, with housing contributing to over 95% of life loss; this failure attributed to improper design and construction practices of housing.Thus, all the three factors influencing earthquake risk of houses in India are above danger levels in many districts of India – hazard, exposure and vulnerability. This paper classifies housing risk in the entire country into four groups; about 47% of population is living in the highest risk. Gigantic effort is required to mitigate the risk. The paper also suggests some steps to move forward to reduce earthquake risk to housing in India.

Abstract

Buildings in urban areas and metropolitan cities are constructed very close to each other. This is because of the requirement of functional usage and high land value. Because of the insufficient gap between the adjacent buildings or adjacent units of the same buildings, they are most vulnerable for seismic damage like pounding. The adjacent land generally belongs to different land owners, where they construct the buildings for different requirements (residential, public). This leads to different dynamic properties of the adjacent buildings. During the earthquakes these may vibrate in or out-of-phase leading to damages, varying from slight architectural damages to severe structural damages. In this paper the pounding analysis is done for different cases of different building positions like buildings of same height and same floor level to buildings in row, are analyzed using SAP (2000) software package. When the two buildings are placed at different floor levels the impact force is more than buildings with the same floor levels. Also when buildings are in a row exterior building suffers more pounding damage than the interior building.

Abstract

For many, Accessibility is about disability and aiding the disabled user. We argue for a much broader definition: One that is inclusive of not only the disabled and the technologically deprived, but also the able-bodied, who may still be facing linguistic, socio-cultural, cognitive type barriers. Further, we discuss how to overcome this new broad set of barriers (which have elsewhere been called New Accessibility). Modification of original static content to new target content – a technique of Renarration – is modeled as a webpage transformation. This is operationally realized as "Sweets". Sweets are external meta data used for transformation of the web page. They are collaboratively and socially produced either by humans or human triggered Sweet based web applications. The entire web architecture featuring Sweets, their repositories and their web applications is explained and shared as a potential mechanism for overcoming New Accessibility barriers. Two web applications, Alipi and Mural Annotation for IDH, are finally showcased to highlight that Sweets based architecture does indeed help in facing the barriers of New Accessibility.

Abstract

Cross origin interactions constitute the core of today’s collaborative Word Wide Web. They are, however, also the cause of malicious behaviour like Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), clickjacking, and cross-site timing attacks, which we collectively refer as Web Infiltration attacks. These attacks are a rampant source of information stealth and privacy intrusion on the web. Existing browser security policies like Same Origin Policy, either ignore this class of attacks or, like Content Security Policy, insufficiently deal with them. In this paper, we propose a new declarative browser security policy — “Cross Origin Request Policy” (CORP) — to mitigate such attacks. CORP enables a server to have fine-grained control on the way different sites can access resources on the server. The server declares the policy using HTTP response headers. The web browser monitors cross origin HTTP requests targeting the server and blocks those which do not comply with CORP. Based on lessons drawn from examining various types of cross origin attacks, we formulate CORP and demonstrate its effectiveness and ease of deployment. We formally verify the design of CORP by modelling it in the Alloy model checker. We also implement CORP as a browser extension for the Chrome web browser and evaluate it against real-world cross origin attacks on open source web applications. Our initial investigation reveals that most of the popular websites already segregate their resources in a way which makes deployment of CORP easier.

Abstract

Presence of information from multiple sources on the internet requires evaluating the credibility of the information, before its utilization. Researchers have suggested that internet users experience difficulty in accessing necessary information and do not pay enough attention to its credibility. We present here the design and implementation of an automated Web Credibility Assessment Support Tool (WebCAST) that considers multiple factors (type of website, popularity, sentiment, date of last update, reputation and review based on users' ratings reflecting personal experience) for assessing the credibility of information and returns a summary indication of the credibility of a website. We use Potentially All Pairwise RanKings of all possible Alternatives (PAPRIKA) method of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to give weights to the scale values on each factor, representing the relative importance of the attributes. An empirical evaluation of the tool was conducted by computing the correlation between the tool-generated credibility scores and that of human judges. The correlation was found to be 0.89, thus verifying the validity of the tool. In the future the proposed tool can be made useful to students in their learning process of credibility assessment.

Abstract

e propose set of guidelines for virtual labs to improve end user experience based on analysis of experimental results. Virtual labs were designed and developed by people with different technical backgrounds based on their familiarity with the technologies and the complexity of virtual lab. As a result each lab developer decided to use his or her own set of tools and technologies leading to performance issues during execution of the virtual labs. Performance of a web application depends upon the content of the web page. Therefore, we did analysis on web pages of virtual lab and listed guidelines to enhance user experience.

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Abstract

In this paper, we discuss our efforts to annotate nominals in the Hindi Treebank with the semantic property of animacy. Although the treebank already encodes lexical information at a number of levels such as morph and part of speech, the addition of animacy information seems promising given its relevance to varied linguistic phenomena. The suggestion is based on the theoretical and computational analysis of the property of animacy in the context of anaphora resolution, syntactic parsing, verb classification and argument differentiation.