Abstract

Modern autonomous vehicles (AVs) often rely on vision, LIDAR, and even radar-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) frameworks for precise localization and navigation. However, modern SLAM frameworks often lead to unacceptably high levels of drift (i.e., localization error) when AVs observe few visually distinct features or encounter occlusions due to dynamic obstacles. This paper argues that minimizing drift must be a key desiderata in AV motion planning, which requires an AV to take active control decisions to move towards feature-rich regions while also minimizing conventional control cost. To do so, we first introduce a novel data-driven perception module that observes LIDAR point clouds and estimates which features/regions an AV must navigate towards for drift minimization. Then, we introduce an interpretable model predictive controller (MPC) that moves an AV toward such feature-rich regions while avoiding visual occlusions and gracefully trading off drift and control cost. Our experiments on challenging, dynamic scenarios in the state-ofthe-art CARLA simulator indicate our method reduces drift up to 76.76% compared to benchmark approaches

Abstract

Toric differential inclusions occur as key dynamical systems in the context of the Global Attractor Conjecture. We introduce the notions of minimal invariant regions and minimal globally attracting regions for toric differential inclusions. We describe a procedure for explicitly constructing the minimal invariant and minimal globally attracting regions for two-dimensional toric differential inclusions. In particular, we obtain invariant regions and globally attracting regions for two-dimensional weakly reversible or endotactic dynamical systems (even if they have time-dependent parameters).

Abstract

Infographics communicate information using a combi- nation of textual, graphical and visual elements. This work explores the automatic understanding of infographic images by using a Visual Question Answering technique. To this end, we present InfographicVQA, a new dataset comprising a diverse collection of infographics and question-answer annotations. The questions require methods that jointly rea- son over the document layout, textual content, graphical el- ements, and data visualizations. We curate the dataset with an emphasis on questions that require elementary reason- ing and basic arithmetic skills. For VQA on the dataset, we evaluate two Transformer-based strong baselines. Both the baselines yield unsatisfactory results compared to near perfect human performance on the dataset. The results sug- gest that VQA on infographics—images that are designed to communicate information quickly and clearly to human brain—is ideal for benchmarking machine understanding of complex document images. The dataset is available for download at docvqa.org

Abstract

Recent efforts in multi-domain learning for semantic seg- mentation attempt to learn multiple geographical datasets in a universal, joint model. A simple fine-tuning experi- ment performed sequentially on three popular road scene segmentation datasets demonstrates that existing segmenta- tion frameworks fail at incrementally learning on a series of visually disparate geographical domains. When learning a new domain, the model catastrophically forgets previously learned knowledge. In this work, we pose the problem of multi-domain incremental learning for semantic segmenta- tion. Given a model trained on a particular geographical domain, the goal is to (i) incrementally learn a new geo- graphical domain, (ii) while retaining performance on the old domain, (iii) given that the previous domain’s dataset is not accessible. We propose a dynamic architecture that assigns universally shared, domain-invariant parameters to capture homogeneous semantic features present in all do- mains, while dedicated domain-specific parameters learn the statistics of each domain. Our novel optimization strat- egy helps achieve a good balance between retention of old knowledge (stability) and acquiring new knowledge (plas- ticity). We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed solution on domain incremental settings pertaining to real- world driving scenes from roads of Germany (Cityscapes), the United States (BDD100k), and India (IDD).

Abstract

The current global health emergency in the form of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has 16 highlighted the need for fast, accurate, and efficient drug discovery pipelines. Traditional drug 17 discovery projects relying on in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) involve large investments and 18 sophisticated experimental set-ups, affordable only to big biopharmaceutical companies. In this 19 scenario, application of efficient state-of-the-art computational methods and modern artificial 20 intelligence (AI)-based algorithms for rapid screening of repurposable chemical space [approved drugs 21 and natural products (NPs) with proven pharmacokinetic profiles] to identify the initial leads is a 22 powerful option to save resources and time. Structure-based drug repurposing is a popular in silico 23 repurposing approach. In this review, we discuss traditional and modern AI-based computational 24 methods and tools applied at various stages for structure-based drug discovery (SBDD) pipelines. 25 Additionally, we highlight the role of generative m

Abstract

Typically, automatic syllable stress detection is posed as a supervised classification problem, for which, a classifier is trained using manually annotated (existing) syllable data and stress labels. However, in real testing scenarios, syllable data is estimated since manual annotation is not possible. Further, the estimation process could result in a mismatch between the lengths of the estimated and the existing syllable data causing no one- to-one correspondence between the estimated syllable data and the existing labels. Hence, the existing labels and estimated syllable data together cannot be used to train the classifier. This can be avoided by manually labeling the estimated syllable data, which, however, is impractical. In contrast, we, in this work, propose a method to obtain labels for estimated syllable data without using manual annotation. The proposed method considers a weighted version of the well-known Wagner–Fisher algorithm (WFA) to assign the existing labels to the estimated syllable data, where the weights are computed based on a set of three constraints defined in the proposed algorithm. Experiments on ISLE corpus show that the performance obtained on the test set for four different types of estimated syllable data are higher when the assigned labels and estimated syllable data are used for training compared to those when existing labels and existing syllable data are used. Also, the label assignment accuracy using the proposed method is found to be higher than that using a baseline scheme based on WFA.

Abstract

This article proposes Convolutional Neural Network based Auto Encoder (CNN-AE) to predict location dependent rate and coverage probability of a network from its topology. We train the CNN utilising BS location data of India, Brazil, Germany and the USA and compare its performance with stochastic geometry (SG) based analytical models. In comparison to the best-fitted SG- based model, CNN-AE improves the coverage and rate prediction errors by a margin of as large as 40% and 25% respectively. As an application, we propose a low complexity, provably convergent algorithm that, using trained CNN-AE, can compute locations of new BSs that need to be deployed in a network in order to satisfy pre-defined spatially heterogeneous performance goals.

Abstract

A method of calibrating cameras used to collect images to form an omni-stereo image is disclosed. The method may comprise determining intrinsic and extrinsic camera param eters for each of a plurality of left eye cameras and right eye cameras arranged along a viewing circle or ellipse and angled tangentially with respect to the viewing circle or ellipse; categorizing left-right pairs of the plurality of left eye cameras and the plurality of right eye cameras into at least a first category, a second category or a third category; aligning the left-right pairs of cameras that fall into the first category; aligning the left-right pairs of cameras that fall into the second category; and aligning the left-right pairs of cameras that fall into the third category by using extrinsic parameters of the left-right pairs that fall into the first category, and of the left-right pairs that fall into the second category.

Abstract

Building a quantum secure internet is one of the most important challenges in the field of quantum technologies [1,2]. It would ensure worldwide information-theoretically secure communication. The idea of quantum repeaters [3–5] gives hope that this dream will come true. However, the level of quantum security proposed originally in a seminal article by Bennett and Brassard [6] seems to be insufficient due to the fact that on the way between an honest manufacturer and an honest user, an active hacker can change with the inner workings of a quantum device, making it totally insecure [7]. Indeed, the hardware Trojan-horse attacks on random number generators are known [8], and the active hacking on quantum devices became a standard testing approach since the seminal attack by Makarov [9]. The idea of device-independent (DI) security overcomes this obstacle [7,10] (see also [11] and references therein). Although difficult to be done in practice, it has been demonstrated quite recently in several recent experiments [12–14]. In parallel, the study of the limitations of this approach in terms of upper bounds on the distillable key has been put forward [15–18]. However, these approaches focus on pointto-point quantum device-independent secure communication. In this paper we introduce the upper bounds on the performance of the device-independent conference key agreement (DI-CKA) [19,20]. The task of the conference agreement is to distribute to N > 2 honest parties the same secure key for one-time-pad encryption. A protocol achieving this task in a device-independent manner has been shown in Ref. [20]. We set an upper bound on the performance of such protocols in a network setting. We focus on physical behaviors with N users (for arbitrary N > 2), where each user is both the sender and receiver of the behavior treated as a black box. This situation is a special case of a network describable with a multiplex quantum channel where inputs and outputs are classical with quantum phenomena going inside the physical behavior [21]. All N trusted parties have the role of both the sender to and receiver from the channel and their goal is to obtain a secret key in a device-independent way against a quantum adversary. Aiming at upper bounds on the device-independent key, we narrow the consideration to the independent and identically distributed case. In this scenario, the honest parties share n identical devices. All the N parties set (classical) inputs x = (x1,..., xN ) to each of the n shared devices P(a|x) and receive (classical) outputs a = (a1,..., aN ) from each of them. We restrict our consideration to quantum devices. Such devices are realized by certain measurements M ≡ ⊗N i=1Mxi ai on quantum states ρA1,...,AN ≡ ρN(A). We define these devices (ρN(A),M) = Tr[ρN(A) ⊗N i=1 Mxi ai ]. In this work we provide upper bounds on the deviceindependent conference key distillation rates for arbitrary multipartite states. As the first main result, we introduce a multipartite generalization of the cc-squashed entanglement provided in Ref. [22] and developed in Ref. [18]. With a little abuse of notation with respect to that used in Refs. [16,18], for the sake of the reader, we will omit the fact that the measure is multipartite as well as reduce the abbreviation cc in its name and here call it just reduced c-squashed entanglement,

Abstract

The time delay between signals received at two spatially separated microphones is estimated using the location of the peak in the cross-correlation sequence between the two signals. The estimated delay is usually expressed in integer multiple of the sampling interval. The robustness of the delay estimation is affected by the degradation of the signals due to waveform distortion, noise, reflections, and reverberation. The broadband nature of speech signals is exploited to derive multiple evidence for the time delay from each frequency component of the signal. This helps to reduce the effects of waveform distortion, as the cross-correlation is computed on individual components. The multiple evidence provides robustness in the estimation of the time delay. The accuracy of the estimated time delay depends on the error between the integer delay and the true fractional delay. Methods are proposed to estimate the fractional part of the sampling interval of the delay. Robustness of the proposed method of estimation of the fractional part of the delay is examined for different types and levels of additive noise, as well for reverberation. Experimental results are given for data collected in an actual live room